With an allergy in the body, a distortion of immune reactions occurs, which causes the production of antibodies to harmless substances from the external environment, including food. A diet for allergies helps to reduce the tension of immunity when there are disturbances in its work (autoimmune diseases, etc. ) or when it is not yet formed (in babies).The article provides a list of hypoallergenic foods, a list of foods that should not be eaten, and nutritional recommendations for nursing mothers.
Hypoallergenic products
The food is foreign to the body in terms of its DNA structure, but it does not normally cause reactions. Even with sufficient amounts of enzymes, some protein molecules are not fully fermented to amino acids and can be absorbed into the bloodstream unchanged, causing allergies. Allergy diet consists of such products. These are vegetables, grains, and fruits that grow in the human region, do not have a bright red color, and do not contain many of the proteins and immune agents of the animals from which they are derived.
When it comes to food allergies, keep this in mindyou cannot eat these foods:
Coffee, cocoa, chocolate.Reaction to these products is accompanied by cross-allergy to legumes. They are usually triggered by the caffeine and theobromine in these products.
Semi-finished products, smoked products. They contain preservatives, food additives that cause both real and pseudo-allergic reactions. When you smoke, many carcinogens are produced.
Mushrooms.Rich in protein and difficult to ferment, the cell wall contains chitin and glucans.
Legumes(peas, beans, peanuts, lentils) - known as a rich source of plant proteins that act as allergens.
Milk.In addition to casein protein, milk contains antibodies to create passive immunity in the offspring of animals (cows, goats, etc. ).
Egg.They contain albumin protein and other nutrients necessary for the development of the bird embryo and can cause a reaction.
Fish and seafood.The presence of a protein M-antigen resistant to heat treatment was determined in them.
Cross allergies(vegetables and fruits). If the patient is allergic to pollen, then reactions occur to fruits and vegetables that have similar pollen structure or belong to the same genus (poplar, willow, apple). When reacting to pollen, it is easier to determine exactly which foods to eliminate.
Meat.It contains a lot of protein, but usually its sensitizing capacity is greatly reduced due to denaturation during its preparation.
grains,especially wheat. They contain gluten, albumin and gliadin.
Pseudoallergic reactions and some hypervitaminoses have allergy-like manifestations. The main difference is the appearance of symptoms at the first entry of foreign peptides into the body and the severity of the deterioration of the patient's condition depends on the amount of food eaten. Such reactions are manifested in fruits and vegetables that are bright red, sometimes orange (tomatoes, pomegranates, citrus fruits, strawberries).
What to eat - food list
Hypoallergenicdiet requires the elimination of primary allergens(exotic fruits and vegetables, strawberries, cocoa, mushrooms, peanuts, nuts, coffee, honey, seafood, eggs, fish and its derivatives, milk - milk powder and cheeses) andaverage consumption of secondary allergens(grains - wheat, rye, corn, buckwheat; legumes; potatoes; currants; cranberries; apricots; lingonberries; fatty meats with rich broths from them; herbal tinctures).
The following types of food are allowed:
lean meat;
food partially fermented during cooking;
residential products;
white and green vegetables;
offal;
cereals.
Food list
Hypoallergenic productsallowed to eat:
Cereals: semolina, rice, as well as oatmeal and pearl barley.
Homemade low-fat sour milk products are better: cottage cheese (9%), kefir (1%), fermented baked milk.
Meat: lean beef, turkey, pork.
Offal (beef, pork): liver, tongue, kidneys.
Cod and sea bass.
Buckwheat, rice or corn bread.
Fat: butter, sunflower, olive.
Brussels sprouts, white cabbage, cauliflower.
Rutabagas, squash, zucchini, turnips.
Broccoli, green salad, spinach, greens.
Green apple, pear, white currant and cherry, corn.
Apple and pear compote (also dried), rosehip juice, weakly brewed tea.
Still mineral water.
Diet and nutrition for allergies
Food for allergies in children and adults is prescribed in the form of medical tables. List of products and menusAccording to diet tables No. 5 and 9.
In children
An anti-allergic diet in children requires the simultaneous elimination of products that intensify the reaction and the preparation of a diet that protects the digestive organs (in children, the gastrointestinal tract dysfunction is often caused by too heavy food, immaturity of the liver, and a smaller amount of enzymes than in adults). It is necessary to use hypoallergenic products with low fat content with sufficient carbohydrate consumption. Because of thisNo. 5 matching medical table, excluding food immune irritants.
Table No. 5
It is also used for gastrointestinal dysfunction, liver and gall bladder diseases.
Food items:
Proteins - 80-90 g / day (in a 3: 2 ratio of animal and vegetable protein);
fats - 70-75 g / day (¼ - for vegetable oils);
carbohydrates - 360 g / day (equivalent to 80-90 g of sugar);
water - 2-2, 5 l / day;
calories - 2400 kcal / day.
Recommended products:
Bakery products:yesterday's bread, premium, fat-free cookies from dry, bran flour and 1st grade flour.
It is impossible: fresh dough, cake.Soups.Vegetable soups with pumpkin, cauliflower or Brussels sprouts, spinach, pumpkin; milk soups diluted with water (1: 1); with very boiled grains (semolina, oatmeal, rice). For dressing - butter, sour cream, flour.
It is impossible: broths from meat, fish, beans and mushrooms.Meat.Lean types: rabbit, turkey, chicken, lean beef, pork; cooked and aged without the skin. The meat is boiled, minced or steamed as a whole piece (chicken).
It is impossible: brains, kidneys, smoked and sausage products, fried meat and cooked in one piece, fatty poultry (duck, goose) and meat (pork, beef).Fish.Low-fat species, mostly freshwater. Boiled or steamed, in the form of cutlets and a whole piece.
It is impossible: fried, battered, fatty types; salted, cooked, canned; caviar.Dairy products.Low-fat dairy products: fresh cottage cheese (5-9%), sour cream (15%), kefir (1%), fermented baked milk (2. 5%). Milk diluted with water for soup, cereals.
It is impossible: fatty cottage cheese, sour cream, cream; processed and hard cheese; whole and dry milk.Egg.0, 5-1 pieces / day; steamed and boiled.
It is impossible: more than 1 egg per day, other foods.Cereals.In water, milk with water (1: 1) - rice, semolina, oatmeal, buckwheat (limited), vermicelli, semolina and rice souffle, buckwheat and rice flour.
Not allowed: legumes, millet.Vegetables.Potatoes, carrots, cauliflower and Brussels sprouts, spinach, zucchini, broccoli, squash, zucchini, boiled or steamed zucchini, cucumbers.
It is impossible: white cabbage, onions, pickled vegetables, canned goods, pickles, beets, radishes, radishes, turnips, sorrel, garlic, tomatoes, mushrooms, legumes.Fruits, sweets.Green apples, corn, limited - apricots, white cherries and currants, pears in raw, mashed, boiled form; as part of jelly, mousse, jelly.
Not allowed: sour fruits, exotic fruits, bright red fruits, creams, chocolate, ice cream.Sauces.In vegetable broth, broth of cereals, with a small amount of low-fat sour cream; with unroasted flour.
This is impossible: in mayonnaise, ketchup, meat, fish, mushroom broths; fatty and spicy dressings.Drinks.Green weak tea without additives; pear, apple and corn compote; from dried fruits; Rose decoction.
It is impossible: cocoa, coffee, black tea and tea with additives (including lemon); compotes from bright red berries; citrus drinks; carbonated drinks.Oils.butter - up to 30 g per day; sunflower and olive oil (limited).
The time a person should sit on an anti-allergic diet is limited: for adults - 2-3 weeks; for children - 7-10 days. When the diet is canceled, if a rash appears on the skin and repeated manifestations of allergies, the product to which the reaction occurred should be removed.
Table No. 9
It is prescribed for metabolic disorders, diabetes mellitus, autoimmune and allergic diseases. It requires restriction of carbohydrates in the diet, so mainly lactose, sucrose, etc. prescribed for adults and children with intolerance.
Food items:
Proteins: 85-90 g/day (50-60% - animal origin);
Fats: 70-80 g / day (40-45% - vegetable oils);
Carbohydrates - complex only; 300-350 g/day;
Water: 1. 5-2 l/day;
Calorie content: 2200-2400 kcal / day.
Recommended foods and products:
flour:bran, protein-bran bread, 2nd grade flour; protein-wheat. Sugar-free cookies and cakes (at the expense of bread).
It is impossible: muffins, puff pastries, premium flour products.Soups:vegetables; borscht and cabbage soup in a weak broth; beet; simple broths from meat and fish; vegetable okroshka / with meat; soups with meatballs (without fat).
This is impossible: rich, fatty broths; mushroom soups; with beans.Meat:lean beef, veal, lamb, pork (tenderloin / cue ball); rabbit, turkey, chicken; boiled tongue; liver (limited). Cooked, boiled, steamed; Light frying can be chopped and boiled meat after a piece.
It is impossible: smoked meat, sausage, fatty meat, duck, goose, stew.Fish:lean varieties are steamed, lightly fried, grilled, baked without oil. Canned food in tomatoes (limit).
It is impossible: fatty species, exotic species of sea fish; sea products; semi-finished products in oil, pickles and preserves; caviar.Dairy products:low-fat milk (1. 5-2. 5%) or diluted with water for cereals; low-fat fermented milk products (cottage cheese 0-5%; kefir 1%; ryadanka 2. 5%); moderately - sour cream 15%. Unsalted varieties of low-fat cheese (cheese, feta, ricotta).
It is impossible: cream; sweet cottage cheese; hard and salty cheeses.Egg:no more than 1. 5 units per day; boiled (soft boiled, hard boiled); steam protein omelets; reduce consumption of yolk.
Cereals:moderately (according to the norm of carbohydrates): millet, pearl barley, buckwheat, barley groats, oatmeal.
Not allowed: legumes, rice, pasta, semolina.Vegetables:potatoes (XE limit), eggplant, cucumber, tomato and beetroot (limited), carrot, broccoli, pumpkin, squash, lettuce, Brussels sprouts and cauliflower, spinach, zucchini, squash. baked, boiled, baked dishes; limited - fried.
It is impossible: acid, preservation.Snacks:vinaigrette, vegetable (zucchini) caviar, fresh salads, soaked herring, fish aroma, meat, dietary cheeses (except tofu), beef jelly.
It is impossible: smoked meat, fatty snacks, sausage, fat, snacks with liver and mushrooms, pickles, canned goods.Fruits, sweets:fresh fruits and berries (sweet and sour), jellies, masses, sambuca, compotes; sweets with sugar substitutes.
Not allowed: chocolate, sweets, ice cream, jam, exotic fruits (bananas, figs, dates), raisins and grapes.Sauces, spices:low fat in vegetable, lean meat and fish broths; limit - tomato sauce, pepper, mustard, horseradish.
Not allowed: fatty sauces with lots of spices.Drinks:tea without additives, vegetable and fruit juices (without sugar), rose hip juice.
Not allowed: sugary drinks from sweet fruits / berries, soda, grape and other juices.Fats:fat-free, olive and unsalted butter.
It is impossible: meat and cooking oil (fried, lard, etc. ).
In lactating mothers
A hypoallergenic diet for a nursing mother avoids food reactions in the newborn and reduces gas formation in the baby. hardDiet restrictions are important in the first 3 months of a baby's life, because:
Nervous regulation of digestion and peristalsis remains immature (one of the causes of colic in newborns);
the digestive system adapts: previously, the child received food from the mother's blood through the umbilical cord; the motility of the gastrointestinal tract and the production of gastrointestinal hormones are activated, the active production of bile and pancreatic, duodenal, gastric juices;
Enzymes are produced in limited quantities in the baby's body. Excess food is not digested, which causes colic and bloating;
unformed immunity (up to 6 months). Protection of the body is provided by immunoglobulins from mother's milk.
When designing the diet of lactating women, it is important that it has enough calories. Daily energy consumption increases by 500 kcal due to lactation.
Due to the increased adaptive capacity of the child's body, the diet for hepatitis B should be as strict as possible in the first 1-2 weeks of the child's life, with the gradual relaxation of food restrictions and the introduction of small amounts of new foods. products.
1-2 weeks
Completely excluded (the impossiblefoodeven in small doses)
cocoa and chocolate;
coffee, strong tea;
legumes;
fatty meat, rich broths;
oily and marine fish;
fruit;
white cabbage;
milk;
eggs;
breads and pastries made from premium flour;
honey;
nuts.
Available in limited quantities:
Crackers from 1st grade flour, bran flour;
types of lean fish;
liver (except birds);
lean beef, chicken;
corn, buckwheat;
butter and olive oil;
green baked apple;
potato;
sugar;
tea.
The basis of the diet (probhypoallergenicfood):
low-fat dairy products;
lean meat: rabbit, turkey; lean meat broths;
vegetables and broths thereof: cauliflower, Brussels sprouts; broccoli; patisson, zucchini, zucchini; spinach; some onions and carrots;
cereals: rice, buckwheat, millet, wheat, oatmeal; moderately - corn, semolina;
fermented milk products: cottage cheese 5-9%; sour cream 15%; kefir, fermented baked milk, dietary cheeses (ricotta, feta, unsalted cheese);
herbal teas (including lactation teas: anise, fennel, fennel, chamomile), rosehip decoction, weak green tea without additives;
desserts: crackers made of 1st grade flour or bran; dry bread with bran (you can - a sandwich with a thin layer of butter, no more than 1 per day), biscuit cookies (from bran, high-grade flour - limited);
2-3 weeks - 1. 5 months
Completely exclude highly allergenic foods for the first 14 days, except for the following:
Milk.Use diluted milk no more than 1-2 times a week to prepare cereal. If a rash appears on the baby's skin, milk is excluded from the diet of the nursing mother.
egg.In boiled form, no more than 1 piece per week; if there is no reaction in the baby - bring 1 piece / day, limit protein.
Gradually introduce into the diet:
Fruits and vegetables characteristic of the yellow and red region:pumpkin, yellow apple (1/4 per day in baked form), banana (from 1/4 per day); the increase of potatoes in the diet; beetroot (boiled with 1 tablespoon); tomatoes (start by adding tomato paste (1/2 package for 4 servings) or steamed vegetables (no more than 1/2 medium tomato at a time)); new vegetables are always served in cooked / boiled form.
Different types of meat:beef, veal, pork, chicken (low-fat parts - replica ball, tenderloin, etc. ). Increasing liver intake, gradually introduce chicken liver.
Increase your intake of lean fish.
The diet is always adapted to the child. If the baby has a rash when a new product is introduced, it is immediately removed from the woman's diet.
Up to 3 months, the nervous system of the intestine has not yet formed, so you cannot eat foods that promote gas formation and are difficult to digest:
fatty meat, strong broths, fat;
legumes;
heavy fruits and berries rich in fiber and sugar: cherries, grapes, pears.
3-6 months
The main adjustment phase is over. Now you can gradually introduce all foods into a woman's diet, except:
cocoa, chocolate, coffee;
semi-finished products, sausages and smoked meat;
sauces (mayonnaise, ketchup);
honey, nuts;
citrus and strawberry.
The rest of the products are applied gradually, observing the reaction of the baby (colic, the appearance of rashes). Starting from 1/4 portion each time, it is advisable to include soups with legumes in the diet from 4-5 months of the child's life.
1 new product is introduced to monitor the condition of the baby in a day. Therefore, borscht and other complex dishes should be eaten after the baby gets used to all the ingredients (beets, tomatoes, cabbage, etc. ).
6-12 months
After 6 months, additional foods are introduced to children, so you can not follow dietary restrictions (except for hyperallergens mentioned above).
Complementary foods start with cereals (buckwheat, rice, wheat), 1 teaspoon is given as the first serving. Porridges are boiled in breast milk and water without adding oils and spices. For the first feeding, it is allowed to give home-made fermented milk drinks from low-fat (2. 5%) milk: kefir, yogurt without yogurt and sugar. The child is given only fresh food (1-2 days after preparation).
At lunch time (12. 00), they start offering complementary foods, and breastfeed the baby. Within a week, the child should adapt to the portion of food that replaces complementary foods. After that, the previously presented product is served in the morning (8. 00-9. 00), and new products are presented for lunch.